Types of Management Accounting Information

Type of management accounting information: Management accounting information can be attributed to three things, namely the object information (products, departments, activities), alternatives will be selected, and the authority of managers. Therefore, management accounting information is divided into three types of information:

1. Full Accounting Information (Full Accounting Information). Management accounting information includes information of the past and information future. Management accounting information which contains the past information is useful for reporting financial information to top management and outside the company, profitability analysis, providing an answer to the question "how much it costs already spent for something", and determining the selling price in cost-type contract. Management accounting information, which provides the future be useful for the preparation of the program, the determination of the normal selling price, transfer pricing, and determining the selling price set by the government.
2. Accounting Information Differential (Differential Accounting Information). Accounting information are estimates differences differential assets, income, and / or the cost of other alternative actions. Differential accounting information has two main elements, namely an information future and differed between the alternatives faced by decision makers. Differential accounting information which is only concerned with cost is the cost differential (differential costs), which is only concerned with income is called income differential (differential revenue), and the relevant assets by asset called differential (differential assets).
3. Accountability Accounting Information (Responbility Accounting) Accountability accounting information is information assets, income, and / or costs associated with the managers responsible for specific accountability center. Accountability accounting information is important information in the process of management control because the information emphasized the relationship between financial information with the managers responsible for the planning and implementation. Accountability accounting information is thus a basis for analyzing the performance of managers as well as to motivate the managers in carrying out their plan set forth in the budget of their own.

Management accounting information system is not bound by a formal criterion that explains the nature of the input, process and output. These criteria are flexible and based on the goal of management. The general objective of management accounting systems:
Provide information required in the calculation of the cost of services, products, and any other desired destination management.

1. Providing information used in planning, controlling, evaluating, and continuous improvement.
2. Providing information for decision making. Management accounting information can help identify a problem, solve problems, and evaluate performance. Thus, management accounting information is needed and used in all stage management, including planning, controlling, and decision-making.
3. Financial Accounting Information Financial accounting information is a general purpose information (general purposes) are presented in accordance with Accounting Principles thank General (PABU). This information is used to internal and external parties. Financial Accounting information is presented with the assumption that the information needed investors, creditors, potential investors and creditors, management, government, and so can represent the information needs of other parties besides investors and creditors.

Thus required a uniform information to all interested parties with the company's business. In general, Financial Accounting Information compiled and reported on a periodic basis so that management can meet the needs of timely information. In addition, Financial Accounting Information presented in formats that are too stiff, so less able to meet the information management needs. According to the Statement of Financial Accounting (SFAC) No.. 2 The qualitative characteristics of financial information is as follows:

1. Relevant point is the capacity of information that can encourage a decision if utilized by the user to predict the outcome in the interests of future events based on past and present. There are three main characteristics, namely:

• Timeliness (timeliness), the information that the user is ready for use before the loss of meaning and capacity in decision making.
• predictive value (predictive value), the information can help users in making predictions about the end result of past events, present and future.
• feedback (feedback value), the quality of information that the user can confirm maybe expectations that have occurred in the past.

2. Reliable, the intention is the quality of information that is guaranteed free of errors and irregularities or biases and have been vetted and properly presented in accordance with its objectives. Reliable has three main characteristics, namely:

• Can be checked (veriviability), the consensus in the choice of accounting measurements that can be assessed through its ability to ensure that if information is presented based on a particular method gives the same result if diverivikasi same method by an independent party.
• Honesty representation (representation faithfulness), namely the correspondence between numbers and descriptions akunatnsi and its resources.
• neutrality (neutrality), a neutral financial information intended for the general needs of users and independent of assumptions about the particular needs and desires of specific users tertrentu information.

3. Power of Appeals (comparability), financial information that can be compared to present similarities and differences that arise from the basic similarities and basic differences in the companies and transactions and not merely from differences in accounting treatment.

4. Consistency (consistency), the uniformity in the determination of accounting policies and procedures that do not change from period to period.


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